Originally published in Maine Today...
Q. Many of us throw branding, marketing and advertising into the same bucket. Can you help us sort out the differences?
A. Marketing is a discipline (or set of activities) ultimately designed to generate and increase revenues. It includes a wide variety of sub-disciplines, strategies and tactics. For instance, all of the following can be components of a marketing program:
•Marketing research
•Customer knowledge/analysis
•Competitive knowledge/analysis
•Product
•Packaging
•Pricing
•Branding
•Marketing communication (including advertising)
•Distribution
•Promotion
•Publicity
•Media relations
•Industry analyst relations
•Signing
•Merchandising
•Cause-related marketing
•Event marketing
•Trade shows
•Sales support
•Web sites
•Customer relationship marketing, including data base marketing and direct marketing
•Viral marketing
•Guerilla marketing
A marketing plan should promise specific revenue or market share increases in return for specific levels of funding for particular marketing strategies and tactics.
The marketing function can be organized by brand, customer, customer need segment, product category, functional sub-discipline (such as advertising, promotion, etc.) or some combination of these.
Advertising is paid for marketing communication. It is a marketing sub-discipline as noted above. Advertising’s major benefit is to increase awareness. It also communicates the brand’s (or product’s) relevant point(s) of difference and can achieve other ends, depending upon the objective. For many consumer product categories, it can actually elicit a sale. For most business to business categories, it can only increase awareness and preference and put the brand in the consideration set.
A brand is the personification of an organization or its products and services. Brands are designed to build relationships and emotional connection with customers. Brands are also the source of promises to customers. They should promise relevant differentiated benefits. So, branding is the process of creating an identity for an organization or its products and services for the purpose of creating relationships with customers and making promises to customers. Branding is a sub-discipline of marketing, but given its increasing role at an organizational level (organizational branding versus product-specific branding) and the resulting need to manifest the brand promise at each point of customer contact, branding should influence virtually every activity in the organization. Branding is the source of (1) customer goodwill and (2) a significant portion of the financial value of a company.
There is increasing evidence and consensus that strong brands deliver the following business benefits:
•Decreased price sensitivity
•Increased consumer loyalty
•(For manufacturers) increased bargaining power with retailers
•Independence from a particular product category
•Increased flexibility for future growth (through extension)
•Increased ability to hire and retain talented employees
•Increased ability to focus the organization's activities & resources
•Increased market share
•Increased stock price
•Increased shareholder value
In summary, marketing is a broad set of activities designed to generate and increase sales (in the short-.medium- and long-term). Branding is designed to increase sales and market share in the long-term by establishing relationships with customers. Both rely on advertising as a very powerful tool.
Q. Small businesses don't have budgets like P & G to invest in their brands. How can they apply branding concepts to their business?